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Germany forms

Form detail

BZSt Form ESt 1 A

Einkommensteuererklärung (Individual Income Tax Return)

Country

Germany

Revision year

2024

Methods

efile

Updated

2026-05-20

Einkommensteuererklärung (Individual Income Tax Return)

Annual individual income tax return for German residents.

Who must file: German residents with required filing income, including employees with multiple income sources, self-employed, and individuals with non-wage income above thresholds.

Practical overview

Germany's individual return is generally due 31 July following the tax year for self-filers and 28/29 February of the second year following the tax year via a Steuerberater (tax advisor). The Elster electronic filing platform is the standard. Solidarity surcharge applies in addition to income tax for high earners, and church tax applies to members of recognized churches.

Practical steps

  • Determine filing requirement (mandatory or voluntary).
  • Gather Lohnsteuerbescheinigung and other income statements.
  • File via Elster by 31 July (self-filer) or via Steuerberater by 28/29 February of the second year.
  • Pay any balance due upon assessment notice (Steuerbescheid).

Due-date notes

31 July following the tax year for self-filers; 28/29 February of the second year via Steuerberater.

Timing: 31 July

Penalty snapshot

Verspätungszuschlag (late-filing surcharge) and Säumniszuschlag (late-payment surcharge) apply.

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Important disclaimer

This library is for general tax education only. Always verify filing obligations, due dates, and tax consequences against the cited primary source or with a qualified tax professional.